These SERU questions and answers are organised the way the handbook is organised. TfL builds the private hire SERU from the ten sections of its PHV Driver's Handbook, so the quickest way to prepare is to learn what each section asks, then practise questions on it until the rules feel obvious.
This page does three things. First, it walks through all ten sections and the rules that come up most often. Second, it explains the four question styles with a worked example of each, written by us. Third, it shows 50 free practice questions with answers and explanations at the bottom of the page. UK Driver Licence Prep is an independent study aid, not part of TfL. None of our questions are TfL's: TfL keeps its bank private, and its handbook is TfL copyright, so we write every question ourselves from the rules.
How SERU questions are built
TfL's SERU page describes the assessment as multiple-choice questions plus sentences you complete by adding missing words. TfL picks questions at random from a database it keeps reviewing, so two candidates on the same day see different papers. That has two consequences for how you revise:
- You cannot memorise your way through. Learning 200 answers by heart will not help if the question is worded differently. You need to understand the rule behind each answer.
- Every section can appear. Random selection means a weak section is a real risk. Spread your practice across all ten.
The SERU is also TfL's reading and writing test at English level B1, which is why some questions test vocabulary and grammar as well as rules. For the numbers (question count, time, pass mark, open book), see the SERU test format page, which cites each official source.
Key fact: TfL has not published its SERU question bank or a PDF of past papers. Any site selling "the actual SERU questions" is not telling the truth.
SERU questions by handbook section
Each section below lists what it tests, the rules that come up most, and a link to practise just that section. The free SERU diagnostic covers all ten in 20 questions if you want to find your weak spots first.
Section 1: Driver licensing
This section is about who can hold a licence and what you must do to keep it. Questions often turn on a number: you must be at least 21, with a full driving licence held for at least three years. Your badge must be worn and visible whenever you are working, including while you wait for a booking, and only you may use it. If police or a TfL officer asks for your licence, you show it then or within seven days. The most important deadline: drivers whose licence was granted on or after 1 July 2024 must report an arrest, charge, caution or conviction within 48 hours. Medicals follow an age pattern (on application, at each renewal from 45, every year from 65). Read the free driver licensing note, then practise licensing questions.
Section 2: PHV requirements
Questions here cover the vehicle, not the driver. A PHV licence lasts one year. The licence discs go on the front and rear windscreens and must not be removed or damaged. The vehicle cannot seat more than nine people including the driver, and it must not look like a London taxi. Insurance must cover hire and reward, and you must give your insurance details to anyone involved in a collision with you. Practise in PHV requirements.
Section 3: Private hire journeys
The core rule of the whole job lives here: every journey must be pre-booked through a licensed London operator. No street hails, no picking up at stations or airports without a booking, and no touting (offering yourself for hire in a public place), which is a criminal offence. The operator, not the driver, agrees the fare or gives an estimate and records the booking details. Lost property goes back to your operator. You may never refuse a booking because the passenger is disabled or has an assistance dog. Practise in journeys.
Section 4: Staying safe
Questions test what you do before, during and after a difficult journey: check the passenger's name and destination before they get in, stay calm, do not argue, and know how to leave a situation safely. After an incident, write down when and where it happened, a description of the person and any witnesses. Practise in staying safe.
Section 5: Driver behaviour
This section is about professional conduct. A passenger's phone number is for the booked journey only, never for personal contact. Sexual comments, touching or any sexual activity with a passenger are unacceptable even if the passenger suggests it, and they lead to loss of licence. If a passenger is seriously ill, call 999 first. Operators record complaints and pass any that may involve a crime to the police. Practise in driver behaviour.
Section 6: Driving and parking in London
Expect several questions on where a PHV may stop. A sign that allows "taxis" does not include private hire vehicles, so you cannot use taxi-only bus lanes or ranks. You may pick up and set down on red and yellow lines, but you may not wait there. Zig-zag lines, bus stop clearways and pedestrian clearways are never allowed. Know the Congestion Charge rules and the ULEZ standard (Euro 4 for petrol, Euro 6 for diesel), and the one night-time exception that lets you stop on a red route for up to five minutes while a passenger uses a cashpoint. Practise in driving and parking.
Section 7: Safer driving
The rules here come from road safety: no hand-held phone while driving, including in a queue or at traffic lights; no phone cradle in the area the wipers sweep; never drive after alcohol or drugs; check prescription medicine with your doctor; take breaks when tired. Seat belt questions are common: the driver is responsible for children under 14, adults for themselves. Watch for cyclists and pedestrians, and never enter the cyclists' advanced stop line box on a red light. Practise in safer driving.
Section 8: Equality and disability
There are nine protected characteristics under the Equality Act 2010; job, income and postcode are not among them. Assistance dogs must be carried at no extra charge. An exemption is only possible for a medical reason, such as an allergy, and you must display the exemption notice; religious belief is not a ground. Wheelchair users in a designated vehicle must be carried, helped and not charged extra. Practise in equality and disability.
Section 9: Safeguarding
A child is anyone under 18; an adult at risk is someone over 18 who needs extra care and support. Questions describe a journey and ask what is wrong: a young person travelling alone late at night to a hotel, paying in cash, far from home. These are signs of exploitation, including county lines (gangs using children to move drugs). Know who to call: 999 if someone is in immediate danger, 101 for non-emergencies, and tell your operator as well. Practise in safeguarding.
Section 10: Ridesharing
The smallest section. A rideshare means passengers who do not know each other share a vehicle and pay separate fares, booked through a licensed operator. Confirm with each passenger that they booked a shared ride, and never tell one passenger another's personal details. Practise in ridesharing.
Exam tip: When a question names a deadline, age or distance, stop and check the exact figure. Most wrong answers in Section 1 and Section 6 are close numbers: 48 hours against 7 days, three years against two.
The four SERU question styles with worked examples
TfL's notice for the taxi SERU, which it calls similar to the private hire test, lists four question styles. Candidates report the same mix in the private hire SERU. Here is how each one works, with an example we wrote to show the style. These examples are not TfL questions.
Style 1: multiple choice, one correct answer
You read a question and pick the single best option.
Example. A man waves at you from the pavement outside a station and asks if you are free. You have no booking for him. What should you do?
The correct choice is to tell him you can only take passengers booked through an operator, and offer your operator's contact details. Any option that lets him in, even if he offers to book on his phone once he is seated, is wrong, because the booking must exist before the passenger gets in.
Style 2: multiple choice, select all correct answers
More than one option can be right, and you need every correct one to score the mark. Read each option as a separate true-or-false statement.
Example. Which of these are protected characteristics under the Equality Act 2010? Options: age, occupation, religion or belief, pregnancy and maternity, home address.
Three are correct: age, religion or belief, and pregnancy and maternity. Occupation and home address are not protected characteristics. If you stopped after finding "age", you would lose the mark.
Style 3: a short handbook passage with questions
You read a short passage, then answer questions about it. The answer is in the text in front of you, so read carefully rather than relying on memory.
Example passage (our own wording). "A driver collects a passenger who booked a shared journey. At the second pick-up, the first passenger says they did not know other people would join. The driver explains the booking type and offers to contact the operator."
Question: Why did the driver contact the operator? Because the passenger may have booked a shared ride by mistake, and the operator can arrange a private journey. The passage gives you the facts; your job is to match the question to them.
Style 4: fill in missing words from a list
A short text has gaps, and you choose words from a list to fill them. Some words in the list are not needed.
Example. Word list: operator, within, passenger, must, meter.
"A private hire driver ___ only accept bookings made through a licensed ___."
The answers are "must" and "operator". "Must" fits because the next word is a base verb ("accept"). "Operator" fits because a booking is made through a company, not a passenger. "Within", "passenger" and "meter" are the spare words. Our SERU fill in the blanks guide teaches a step-by-step method for this style.
Exam tip: In a select-all question, decide on each option before you look at the next one. Writing a quick tick or cross on your note sheet for every option stops you missing a second correct answer.
How to read our answers and explanations
Every question on this page and in our practice tool comes with an explanation. Use it properly and it becomes your revision notes.
- The correct answer is stated first, in a full sentence, so you learn the rule and not just a letter.
- Each wrong option is explained. Many SERU mistakes come from an option that sounds sensible. Knowing why it is wrong stops you choosing it next time.
- The handbook section is named, so you can go straight back to the right page in TfL's handbook.
- Sentence-completion answers explain the grammar, such as why the gap needs a verb or a plural noun.
Read the explanation for questions you got right as well. If you guessed correctly, you have not learned the rule yet.
SERU questions and answers PDF
Many drivers search for a "SERU questions and answers PDF free download". TfL does not publish one, and the PDFs passed around on file-sharing sites are usually unchecked, copied from somewhere else, or built on the old fees and rules.
Our free option: the SERU worksheet is a printable page of practice questions with an answer key at the end. Open it, then print it or choose "Save as PDF" in your browser. It works well for revising on paper or away from a screen. For timed practice, use the online version, because the SERU itself is taken on a computer.
What our SERU bank includes
| Practice | What you get | Cost |
|---|---|---|
| SERU diagnostic | 20 questions across all ten sections, to find your weakest areas | Free |
| Quick practice | 20 questions with explanations | Free |
| SERU mock 1 | Full 36-question paper, 50-minute timer | Free |
| SERU worksheet | Printable questions and answer key | Free |
| Mocks 2 to 10 and section practice | The rest of our 3,701-question PHV SERU bank | Pro |
The bank mixes the styles you will meet: standard multiple choice, over 1,000 sentence-completion questions and short reading passages with questions. Our select-all questions are not yet in the bank; practise the habit of checking every option anyway. Pro costs £6.99 a week, £11.99 a month or £22.99 for three months and covers every test on the site; see pricing. There is no pass guarantee. The mocks are explained in full on the SERU mock test page.
Common mistakes when practising SERU questions
- Only doing multiple choice. Sentence completion and reading questions use different skills. Practise them on purpose.
- Repeating the same set. If you score 100% on a set you have seen three times, you are measuring memory. Move to new questions.
- Skipping the handbook. Questions test the handbook's rules. When an explanation surprises you, read that part of the handbook again.
- Ignoring small words. "Must", "should", "may", "never" and "only" change the meaning of an option. Our explanations point these out.
- Leaving safeguarding and equality until last. These sections have clear right answers and are easy marks once learned. See our pages on safeguarding questions and the Equality Act for drivers.
Your study plan
- Today: take the free SERU diagnostic and write down your two weakest sections.
- Days 2 to 7: read those handbook sections, then answer the sample questions below and the section practice for your weak areas. Read every explanation.
- Week 2: cover the remaining sections one by one, and do ten sentence-completion questions a day.
- Week 3: sit the free SERU mock 1 in one go with the timer on, then review every mistake against the handbook.
- Before booking: aim for 85% on three different mocks. Print the SERU worksheet for revision on the way to the test centre.
50 free PHV SERU practice questions with answers
Try each one, then open the answer. For a timed experience use the free mock exam.
1. You must not park partially or wholly on the ___ in London.
- A. motorway
- B. roundabout
- C. bridge
- D. pavement
Show answer
D. pavement
The Highway Code says you must not park partially or wholly on the pavement in London, except in limited circumstances. Pavement parking blocks pedestrians and wheelchair users. Park at the kerb.
2. You do not own a licensed PHV. Should you still know the licensing rules for PHVs?
- A. Yes, every PHV driver should know them
- B. No, they are only for vehicle owners
- C. Only if you plan to buy a car
- D. No, they are only for operators
Show answer
A. Yes, every PHV driver should know them
The handbook says that even if you do not own a licensed vehicle, you should know about the PHV licensing requirements.
3. A passenger with a guide dog wants to sit in the front. Where should the dog go?
- A. In the footwell with the passenger
- B. On the back seat, on its own
- C. In the boot, with the luggage
- D. In the driver's footwell
Show answer
A. In the footwell with the passenger
The assistance dog should stay with the passenger, in the footwell.
4. A bus stop by the kerb has no wide yellow or red line. Should you use it to pick up?
- A. Only if you are a taxi
- B. Avoid it if you can, as it may delay buses
- C. Yes, and you may wait there
- D. Yes, bus stops are the best pick-up points
Show answer
B. Avoid it if you can, as it may delay buses
You should avoid picking up or dropping off at bus stops, as this can delay buses and may not be allowed. Where there is a wide yellow or red line, you must not stop at all. Choose another place.
5. Having a CCTV camera may reduce your insurance ___.
- A. premiums
- B. journeys
- C. claims only
- D. licences
Show answer
A. premiums
Having CCTV may reduce insurance premiums because recordings can be useful evidence in a dispute. A premium is the amount you pay for insurance. The camera itself is an extra cost.
6. A passenger with a visual impairment needs to find the building entrance. What is good practice?
- A. Drive off quickly
- B. Ask someone passing to help
- C. Offer to guide them to a safe place
- D. Point and say 'over there'
Show answer
C. Offer to guide them to a safe place
On arrival, offer to help them out and guide them to a safe place before leaving.
7. How should you treat an assistance dog?
- A. As a friendly pet that you can play with
- B. As luggage that goes in the boot
- C. As a second passenger with its own seat
- D. As a working animal; do not stroke or feed it
Show answer
D. As a working animal; do not stroke or feed it
Assistance dogs are highly trained working animals. Do not stroke, feed or distract them.
8. Two passengers of the same sex hold hands in the back of your car. What should you do?
- A. Tell them to stop holding hands
- B. Treat them with the same respect as anyone
- C. Ask them questions about their relationship
- D. Make a joke about them to lighten the mood
Show answer
B. Treat them with the same respect as anyone
You should never make comments or jokes about someone's sexual orientation. Treat all passengers with respect and professionalism. Drivers who behave unacceptably face action by TfL or the police.
9. Why must the operator be told when you do not carry out a booking?
- A. It must fine the passenger for the problem
- B. It must report every refusal to TfL
- C. It is responsible for the booking it accepted
- D. It will pay you for the time you lost
Show answer
C. It is responsible for the booking it accepted
Because the operator accepted the booking, it must arrange another driver or tell the passenger it is cancelled.
10. What is a fixed penalty notice (FPN)?
- A. A certificate showing you passed SERU
- B. A letter from your operator about a booking
- C. A permit to park in a bus lane
- D. A notice that can bring a fine and penalty points for an offence
Show answer
D. A notice that can bring a fine and penalty points for an offence
A fixed penalty notice is given for some traffic offences. It can include a fine and penalty points on your licence, as an alternative to going to court.
11. A passenger shouted abuse about your race yesterday and nobody is in danger now. Which police number should you use to report it?
- A. 111
- B. 112
- C. 999
- D. 101
Show answer
D. 101
TfL advises drivers to report incidents to the police as soon as possible. Use 101 when it is not an emergency. Use 999 if there is an emergency, for example if someone is in danger now.
12. How can a passenger check that you are the correct driver for their booking?
- A. By comparing the details from the operator with your badge
- B. By calling the police before getting in
- C. By asking to see the driver's bank card
- D. By checking the colour of the car only
Show answer
A. By comparing the details from the operator with your badge
Your operator must give passengers your name, photograph and vehicle details. Passengers can check this information against your badge.
13. Your operator starts a ridesharing service. Who should provide ridesharing training?
- A. TfL's examiners
- B. The DVLA
- C. Your operator
- D. The passengers
Show answer
C. Your operator
If your operator offers ridesharing, talk to them about training; the operator should provide it.
14. Are licensed London taxis (black cabs) exempt from the Congestion Charge?
- A. Only at weekends and bank holidays
- B. Yes, while actively licensed
- C. Only the electric taxis are exempt
- D. No, they pay the same as PHVs
Show answer
B. Yes, while actively licensed
Taxis are exempt from the Congestion Charge when they are actively licensed. PHVs are not exempt, except designated wheelchair-accessible PHVs on a booking. This is one of the differences between taxis and PHVs.
15. You do not own a PHV; you rent one. Why does the handbook say you should still know the vehicle licensing rules?
- A. Only renters can be fined for it
- B. Renters must pay the licence fee
- C. You drive it and must use it legally
- D. Renters must fit the licence discs
Show answer
C. You drive it and must use it legally
Even if you do not own a licensed vehicle, you should know about these requirements because you use it for private hire.
16. When might TfL suspend or revoke a PHV driver's licence because of complaints?
- A. Only when the driver asks TfL to do it
- B. Never, because only operators deal with complaints
- C. After any single late arrival at a pick-up point
- D. After a serious complaint or a pattern of poor behaviour
Show answer
D. After a serious complaint or a pattern of poor behaviour
TfL may suspend or revoke a licence if there is a serious complaint, several complaints, or a pattern of poor behaviour. This applies when all ways to improve the behaviour have been tried and failed. Complaints are taken seriously.
17. Who investigates reports of unacceptable sexual behaviour by PHV drivers?
- A. TfL or the police
- B. Only the passenger's family
- C. The Highway Code office
- D. Only the operator's marketing team
Show answer
A. TfL or the police
TfL takes this issue extremely seriously. TfL or the police will fully investigate all complaints and reports and take appropriate action. Drivers found to have acted unsuitably will lose their licence.
18. You arrive to find the passenger has an assistance dog, which the booking did not mention. What must you do?
- A. Cancel the booking
- B. Ask for a dog fee
- C. Ask the operator to send another car
- D. Carry the passenger and the dog
Show answer
D. Carry the passenger and the dog
You must carry the passenger and their assistance dog. Refusing is an offence unless you hold a valid exemption on display.
19. When you turn the ignition key, which warning light may stay on after the engine starts?
- A. The handbrake warning light
- B. The oil warning light
- C. The battery charge light
- D. The engine fault light
Show answer
A. The handbrake warning light
Most warning lights go out when the engine starts, except the handbrake warning light.
20. Besides the police and NSPCC, who else does TfL's safeguarding page list as somewhere to report concerns?
- A. Your car dealer
- B. Your local council
- C. Your own bank
- D. Your local gym
Show answer
B. Your local council
TfL lists your local council, the NSPCC and the police as places to report concerns, and you can report anonymously.
21. What three steps does DfT guidance recommend when giving assistance?
- A. Decide, act, then explain later
- B. Lift, load, then leave quickly
- C. Ask, listen, then act on what you are told
- D. Guess, try, then say sorry
Show answer
C. Ask, listen, then act on what you are told
The guidance recommends drivers ask passengers what help they need, listen to and understand the answer, then act on it.
22. A red route PCN can be given in which ways?
- A. Only by text message to the driver
- B. By an officer, or by post after CCTV
- C. Only by a police officer, in person
- D. Only through your PHV operator
Show answer
B. By an officer, or by post after CCTV
A PCN may be issued at the time by a civil enforcement officer. TfL may also use CCTV cameras, and you then receive the PCN later by post. Follow the signs and markings to avoid one.
23. What share of London's roads are TfL red routes?
- A. About 5%
- B. About 25%
- C. About 1%
- D. About 50%
Show answer
A. About 5%
TfL's red routes make up about 5% of London's roads but carry up to 30% of the city's traffic. This is why stopping rules are strict. They keep traffic moving safely.
24. You must return your badge and licence when they pass their ___ date.
- A. birth
- B. payment
- C. booking
- D. expiry
Show answer
D. expiry
Return the badge and licence when they expire or you stop being licensed.
25. You measure your front tyre tread at 1.4 mm. What does this mean?
- A. It is under the 1.6 mm legal minimum
- B. It is legal until it reaches 1.0 mm
- C. It is fine for city driving only
- D. It only matters in the winter
Show answer
A. It is under the 1.6 mm legal minimum
The minimum legal tread depth is 1.6 mm. 1.4 mm is below it, so the tyre must be replaced.
26. Always have a pen and ___ with you so you can write things down.
- A. phone
- B. map
- C. paper
- D. torch
Show answer
C. paper
A pen and paper help you communicate with passengers who have hearing problems or limited English.
27. Are you, the driver, legally responsible for recording booking details?
- A. No, and changes do not matter
- B. Yes, you must photograph each passenger
- C. Yes, you must keep a written book
- D. No, but you should tell the operator of changes
Show answer
D. No, but you should tell the operator of changes
Drivers are not personally responsible for recording details, but should tell the operator about any changes.
28. What should you do if you need to check a map or navigation screen in detail?
- A. Read it while driving slowly
- B. Ask the passenger to hold it up
- C. Check it at red lights
- D. Find a safe place to stop first
Show answer
D. Find a safe place to stop first
Do not be distracted by maps or screen information while driving. If necessary, find a safe place to stop.
29. You spent a four-month extended holiday abroad seven years ago. Do you need a Certificate of Good Conduct?
- A. Only if you worked there
- B. No, it was more than five years ago
- C. Yes, extended holidays count
- D. No, holidays never count
Show answer
C. Yes, extended holidays count
Periods of extended holiday are included. Four months is over three months and within the last 10 years, so a CoGC is needed.
30. Which approach is most likely to calm an angry passenger?
- A. Speaking loudly to show you are in charge
- B. Correcting them every time they speak
- C. Speaking calmly and listening without interrupting
- D. Refusing to explain your decisions
Show answer
C. Speaking calmly and listening without interrupting
Talking calmly and not raising your voice, listening without interrupting and explaining things all help. These steps reduce the chance of violence. Respond to the person's concerns.
31. Why should you drive carefully when passing bus stops?
- A. Pedestrians may step out suddenly into the road
- B. Buses always pull out without looking
- C. Bus stops are where PHVs should pick up
- D. Passing a bus stop at any speed is an offence
Show answer
A. Pedestrians may step out suddenly into the road
People getting on and off buses may walk out suddenly from in front of or behind the bus. Drive carefully and slowly when passing bus and tram stops.
32. Why does the handbook say speed matters so much in a collision?
- A. Speed only matters on motorways
- B. Slow cars use more fuel
- C. Faster cars brake better
- D. Injuries get worse as speed increases
Show answer
D. Injuries get worse as speed increases
The faster you drive, the less time you have to avoid a collision, and injuries are more serious.
33. If a passenger's behaviour is offensive because of your faith, it is a hate ___.
- A. crime
- B. fare
- C. rule
- D. joke
Show answer
A. crime
Offensive or violent behaviour because of your race, faith, sexual orientation, disability or gender identity is a hate crime. Report it to the police. TfL urges drivers to report it.
34. What fixed penalty can a driver or passenger get for smoking in a licensed PHV?
- A. £180
- B. £50
- C. £12.50
- D. £1,000
Show answer
B. £50
Drivers or passengers found smoking in a licensed taxi or PHV may get a fixed penalty notice of £50. If prosecuted and convicted, the maximum fine is £200. TfL may also review a driver's fitness.
35. Drivers must make sure that all children are correctly seated and ___.
- A. entertained
- B. comfortable
- C. restrained
- D. quiet
Show answer
C. restrained
Drivers must make sure children are correctly seated and restrained, using a seat belt or child seat.
36. What is the maximum fine for a driver who fails to carry out a s.165 duty?
- A. A fine not exceeding level 3 on the standard scale
- B. A fine not exceeding level 5 on the standard scale
- C. A fixed penalty of £50 only
- D. Only a warning letter from TfL
Show answer
A. A fine not exceeding level 3 on the standard scale
A driver who fails to comply commits an offence and can be fined up to level 3 on the standard scale.
37. An older passenger's companion takes their bank card and pays for everything, and the passenger seems unhappy. What may this be a sign of?
- A. Normal good manners and kindness
- B. A fault with the card machine
- C. An error made in the booking
- D. Someone else controlling their money
Show answer
D. Someone else controlling their money
An adult who seems to have their money controlled by someone else may be at risk of financial abuse.
38. Safeguarding means protecting children and adults at risk from harm and ___.
- A. traffic
- B. weather
- C. fines
- D. abuse
Show answer
D. abuse
Safeguarding is about protecting people from harm and abuse.
39. Your operator must agree a fare or give an ___ estimate before the journey starts.
- A. accurate
- B. hidden
- C. old
- D. optional
Show answer
A. accurate
The operator must give an accurate estimate or an agreed fare.
40. A passenger who was friendly suddenly goes silent, stares at you and taps their fingers hard. What should you do?
- A. Stare back so they know you are not afraid
- B. Trust your feelings and act early to avoid a problem
- C. Ignore it because the passenger was friendly before
- D. Wait until they start shouting before doing anything
Show answer
B. Trust your feelings and act early to avoid a problem
A sudden change in behaviour, aggressive staring and tapping fingers are warning signs. TfL advises you to trust your feelings and never ignore these signs. The earlier you notice a problem, the more choices you have to avoid it.
41. What defence can a PHV operator use for not accepting a booking from a disabled passenger under s.167A?
- A. No suitable vehicles were available
- B. The driver did not feel like it
- C. The journey was too short to be worth it
- D. The passenger was rude on the phone
Show answer
A. No suitable vehicles were available
It is a defence for the operator to show it was reasonable not to accept the booking because there was a lack of suitable vehicles.
42. A PHV driver's electric car is not on Auto Pay. They pay the charge on the day. How much do they pay?
- A. £13.50
- B. £0
- C. £21
- D. £18
Show answer
D. £18
The 25% Cleaner Vehicle Discount applies only to electric cars registered on Auto Pay. Without Auto Pay, the full charge applies: £18 on the day or in advance. Registering for Auto Pay is free.
43. Two strangers share a PHV to work every day. What risk does TfL describe?
- A. They may both have to pay the full fare
- B. One may learn private details about the other
- C. The vehicle may need a bigger licence
- D. The driver may lose their badge
Show answer
B. One may learn private details about the other
One passenger could learn things like the other's home address, workplace, routine and whether they live alone. This could make them vulnerable to crime.
44. As well as calling 101, how else can you report a non-emergency crime to the police?
- A. Report it online
- B. Post it on social media
- C. Write to TfL's fares team
- D. Tell a bus driver
Show answer
A. Report it online
TfL advises drivers to report incidents to the police as soon as possible. You can call 101, report a crime online, or call 999 in an emergency. Official reports allow the police to investigate.
45. Petrol PHVs must be Euro 4 and diesel PHVs must be Euro ___ to meet the ULEZ standard.
- A. 3
- B. 6
- C. 5
- D. 4
Show answer
B. 6
Petrol PHVs must meet Euro 4 and diesel PHVs must meet Euro 6. Vehicles that do not meet these must pay the daily charge. Check your vehicle on the TfL website.
46. What is likely to happen to a driver who is violent towards a TfL employee, unless there is significant mitigation?
- A. Their licence is likely to be revoked
- B. They will get a verbal warning only
- C. They will need a new vehicle licence
- D. Nothing, if the employee was not injured
Show answer
A. Their licence is likely to be revoked
TfL will not tolerate violence, bullying or harassment towards its staff or agents. Drivers found doing this will have their fitness reviewed. Unless there is significant mitigation, violent behaviour is likely to result in revocation.
47. Putting a phone cradle in the area covered by your wipers is an ___.
- A. option
- B. offence
- C. advantage
- D. extra
Show answer
B. offence
A cradled device in the swept area is an offence, which can lead to a fine and points.
48. You are waiting for a passenger to get in and you are watching sexual videos on your phone. Why is this unacceptable?
- A. It uses too much of your mobile data
- B. It is fine if the passenger cannot see it
- C. Watching sexual material at work is unacceptable
- D. It is only wrong while you are driving
Show answer
C. Watching sexual material at work is unacceptable
You should never watch, display or share pornographic or sexual pictures or other sexual material. This is listed as unacceptable sexual behaviour. It could make passengers feel very unsafe.
49. What must operators keep about all complaints made to them?
- A. Only complaints from regular customers
- B. Details of every complaint
- C. Nothing after a week
- D. Only complaints about fares
Show answer
B. Details of every complaint
Operators must keep details of all complaints made to them.
50. A passenger's voice suddenly changes and becomes low and threatening. What should you do?
- A. Treat it as a warning sign and act early
- B. Make a joke to change the mood
- C. Turn up the radio
- D. Ignore it because they have not shouted
Show answer
A. Treat it as a warning sign and act early
A change to the voice is listed as a warning sign of possible aggression. Trust your feelings and act early. Speak calmly and plan how to keep yourself safe.
Frequently asked questions
+Where can I find SERU questions and answers?
TfL does not publish its SERU question bank. TfL's own free materials are the PHV Driver's Handbook, its audio version, the video guides and an online assessment guide with knowledge checks. Independent practice banks, like ours, write questions from the handbook and explain each answer.
+Is there a SERU questions and answers PDF?
TfL does not publish one. Our free SERU worksheet at /print/seru gives you a page of practice questions with an answer key that you can print or save as a PDF. Be careful with 'free download' PDFs on file-sharing sites: they are often old, unchecked or copied.
+Are these the real SERU questions?
No. Nobody outside TfL has the real questions, and any site that claims to sell them is not telling the truth. Our questions are written from the PHV Driver's Handbook to test the same rules in a similar style.
+What kind of questions are in the SERU assessment?
TfL describes multiple-choice questions and sentences you complete by adding missing words. For the similar taxi SERU it lists four styles: one correct answer, select all correct answers, a short handbook passage with questions, and a text with missing words chosen from a list.
+Which SERU sections have the most questions?
TfL does not publish how many questions come from each section. In our bank, licensing, safer driving, and driving and parking in London are the largest sections because they contain the most rules, numbers and deadlines.
+How should I revise from SERU questions?
Answer a short set, then read the explanation for every question, including the ones you got right. Go back to the handbook section named in the explanation whenever you guess. Repeat your weakest section until you score well, then sit a full timed mock.
+Do SERU questions come from the handbook?
Yes. TfL says the private hire SERU is based on the PHV Driver's Handbook. The glossary and the website links inside the handbook are not tested.
Study offline on your phone too
The UK Driver Licence Prep app has the same questions, works offline, and explains every answer in Urdu, Bengali, Punjabi, Arabic, Pashto, Farsi, Somali, Romanian or Polish, plus a map trainer for the Topographical.
Keep reading
- Free SERU Mock Test (TfL Private Hire)Take a free SERU mock test: 36 TfL-style questions in 50 minutes with explanations. How to use mocks, review mistakes and know when to book.
- SERU Test: The TfL SERU Assessment ExplainedWhat the TfL SERU test covers, how it works for private hire and taxi drivers, fees from March 2026, and free SERU practice tests.
- SERU Fill in the Blanks: How to Pass Sentence CompletionHow to pass the SERU fill in the blanks (sentence completion) questions: a six-step method, grammar points and worked examples. Practise free today.
- SERU Handbook: How to Study the PHV Driver's HandbookThe SERU handbook explained: which version to read, where TfL publishes the PDF and audio, what each of the 10 sections covers and a 3-week reading plan.
- Safeguarding Questions for Taxi DriversSafeguarding questions for taxi drivers: signs of exploitation, county lines, who to report to, worked scenarios and how TfL and councils test it.
- Equality Act Duties for Taxi DriversEquality Act duties for taxi drivers: assistance dogs, wheelchair users, no extra charges, exemption certificates and the 2022 changes, with scenarios.